Fitness Testing For Sport And Exercise Physical Education Essay

Fitness Testing For Sport And Exercise Physical Education Essay Dip your fingers in chalk with the hand on your strongest arm, then stand with you back flat against the wall with your arms extended as high as they can reach with them flat against the wall then mark out where your arms reach to/push the wall mounted reach board up to the height your arms will extend to, stand side on stronger arm closest to the wall/board, then crouch low then push straight of the floor and touch the wall/board, measure with the ruler how many cm from where the marking where there arm extended max to the chalk marking how many cms is between the 2 markings, on the board there are already cm measurements on there so you just see which number the finger markings are on. Method of assessment: To measure the amount of explosive power in the lower limbs in cm by measuring how high a persons vertical jump is. How analysed: Measured in cm and mm to make it more accurate and marked on a sheet. Target group: Sprinters and basketballers. Reliability of test: The test is reliable because the same action is made each time so fur, if using the board the measurements are accurate Validity of test: This test is very good for validity being the test most people will do for lower limb power and all four factors are shown too. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: Cheap and affordable using simple equipment. Disadvantages: Wall mounted board is really expensive. Time Advantages: The test doesnt take long so it doesnt become tedious. Disadvantages: The short amount of time can be considered as quite a rubbish test. Equipment Advantages: Less equipment is required and wall mounted board is very accurate. Disadvantages: Measurements could be inaccurate if using the cheaper equipment. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Low level of skill is required so a lot of people are capable to take this test. Disadvantages: Low level skill could lead to the test to be tedium. Cardiovascular endurance Bleep test, beep test, pacer test, leger-test, 20m shuttle run test. Objective To test the amount of cardiovascular endurance someone has by seeing how long someone can last during the bleep test. Resources needed: Metre clicker to mark out 20m, cones, beep test CD and CD player and marking sheets. (This will take place in a no slip surface) How conducted: The beep test CD will be played and you have to stand behind one line facing the other and there will be beeps in between each beep you have to run from one line to the other e.g. beep run 20m to the line beep. The test starts with the first level where the beeps are quite slow but then after approximately 1 minute or 7 runs the level gets higher and the closer the beeps are together so the test gets faster, this test stops on level 20 and for someone to be out is when they miss the beep before they reach the 20m line. Method of assessment: To measure the cardiovascular endurance or vo2 max in shuttle runs the predicted vo2 max is at each level and the shuttle number i.e. level 4 shuttle 2 predicted vo2 max is 26.8. How analysed: Writing down on recording sheets each level and shuttle they reached or dropped out of and the Vo2 max national average for males is 9/3 and for females 6/6. Target group: Long distance runners Reliability of test: The test is accurate is because the CD plays the same thing over and over again so theres no worries on inaccuracy of the test and also motivation could effect the reliability. Validity of test: This test has good validity because the bleep test is the most valid test used for people to measure Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: cheap for CD because the copy is downloadable. Disadvantages: could be costly if you dont have a CD player, metre clicker and cones and also expensive if having to rent out a facility. Time Advantages: the test has enough time to record the level they reach. Disadvantages: test lasts quite long and becomes quite tedious. Equipment Advantages: less equipment required and also the equipment is straight forward not complex. Disadvantages: faulty equipment like scratched CD. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: straight forward because its only running and this is an easy or simple skill to conduct. Disadvantages: cardiovascular endurance a lot of people really struggle with. Strength 1 rep max Objective: To test the amount of strength someone has by seeing the max weight someone lifts. Resources needed: Weight machines e.g. bench press, fly machine, leg press, free weights or lat pull down. (Gym) How conducted: You go to the weight machine you are comfortable with the lifting technique if not get someone to learn you the technique or read how the technique is done on the machine. Which ever weight machine you use you start on the smallest weight by warming up with a few reps 5-15 reps then you work your way by increasing the weight each time you do 1 rep, you work your way increasing the weight until you get the weight you cant do 1 rep of. Method of assessment: To test the amount of strength someone has in the pectoral, deltoid, trapezius, lateral, triceps and biceps by seeing the max amount of kgs someone can do 1 rep of. How analysed: How many kg you lifted and marked on recording sheets. Target group: Rugby players, weight lifters. Reliability of test: The test is reliable because weights stay the same weight unless you increase the weight. Validity of test: This test is valid because it tests the strength in the specific muscle that is working or contracting. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: some gyms are quite cheep and its also cheep for a day trial. Disadvantages: some gyms cost loads and also buying your own weights costs quite a lot. Time Advantages: test doesnt take long so it doesnt become boring. Disadvantages: people could consider it being rubbish because its a short test. Equipment Advantages: weight machines are safe to use Disadvantages: free weights can be quite dangerous if using a free weight bench weight could collapse on you if too heavy. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: the skill is quite simple to do. Disadvantages: its common that people tend to arch there backs when lifting weights so this skill people might not be able to do properly and injure themselves. Suppleness/Flexibility Sit and reach Objective: To test the amount of suppleness someone has in the lower back and calfs by seeing how far someone can sit and reach forwards. Resources needed: A bench, a metre ruler/tape measure or a flex tester. How conducted: Sit with you stomach against the bench lengthways with your both legs either side of the bench and you reach out as far as you can with both hands and hold the position and measure from the start of the bench is to where your hands are held furthest. On the flex tester you sit with you stomach against the flex tester lengthways the with your both legs either side of the flex tester on this piece of equipment there is a handle you push forwards as far as you can and where you push it you see how many cm you have pushed it next to the handle you push. Method of assessment: To test the amount of suppleness someone has in there lower back and the amount of cm the person can reach with the extension of the lower back. How analysed: How many cm the person has reached and put down results on recording sheets. Target group: Gymnasts Reliability of test: This test is reliable because the same action is made and accurate measurements are recorded on flex tester. Validity of test: This test is valid because the only flexibility it will test is in the lower back and hamstrings. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: using the bench, tape measure and chalk is quite cheap. Disadvantages: Flex tester is really expensive. Time Advantages: The test doesnt take long so it dont become tedious. Disadvantages: because of the test being short could be considered a pointless test to do and boring. Equipment Advantages: Flex tester has accurate measurements Disadvantages: using the bench, tape measure and chalk could come out with inaccurate measurements. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Low level skill is needed because its a simple skill being used. Disadvantages: because of the skill being low level this could lead to the test being tedious. Muscular Endurance Maximum amount of push ups Objective: To test how much muscular endurance in the upper body someone has by seeing the max amount of push ups someone can do. Resources needed: Press up mat and press up handles or non-needed in a flat facility. How conducted: You get into press up position which you place both hands on the press up matt if you get bad wrists you grab onto the press up handles shoulder width apart and extend your legs straight and you lower down and push up and you do as many press ups as you can until you cant physically do more. Method of assessment: To test the amount of upper body muscular endurance someone has by seeing how many push ups maximum someone can do. How analysed: Recording sheets of how many press ups someone has done. Target group: Sprinters, long distance runners Reliability of test: This test is reliable because the same action is repeated so results are easily recorded. Validity of test: This test is valid because it measures what it claims to measure which is the muscular endurance in the upper body and monitors the effect in the athletes physical development. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: It doesnt cost much to do and also can be self-monitored. Disadvantages: press up mat and handles can be quite expensive. Time Advantages: Doesnt really waste a lot of time. Disadvantages: doing push ups for too long can become tedious. Equipment Advantages: Not much equipment is required and the handles reduce the risk of wrist injuries. Disadvantages: not using handles can cause wrist injuries. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: its a straight forward skill so its easy to execute the skill. Disadvantages: quite a number of unfit people cant hold them in a press up position so it becomes quite hard for them. Speed 60m sprint Objective: To test the amount of speed someone has by timing how quick someone runs 60m in. you could use an Resources needed: Stop watches, whistle and a metre clicker to mark out 60m How conducted: A person stands at the 60m mark while you stand at the other end, the person says set for you to get ready and then blows the whistle for you to go when the whistle gets blown they start timing, then you sprint as fast as you can through the 60m mark then they stop timing and the time s set how quick you run 60m in. Method of assessment: To test the amount of speed someone has in running in seconds. How analysed: Stopwatch timed and recording sheets in seconds. Target group: Sprinters Reliability of test: The test is quite reliable because its sprinting over a short distance so similar/consistent times are ran but any timing mistakes can make it inaccurate. Validity of test: This test is valid because it measures what it claims to measure which is how quick someone can move there body over 60m. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: equipments quite cheep. Disadvantages: could be costly to use a track depending on the sports centres price. Time Advantages: short sprints dont waste time. Disadvantages: doing short sprints can become tedious. Equipment Advantages: metre clicker is accurate to measure 60m. Disadvantages: stop watches could be faulty. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Sprinting is quite a straight forward skill so its easy to do. Disadvantages: sprinting is high intensity so some people might get stitches doing the test if there unfit. Body Composition/ Somatotype Body weighing and skinfold measurement Objective: To see the amount of muscle fat and bone someone has by measuring there weight and there skinfolds. Mesomorph, Ectomorph and Endomorph. Resources needed: Scales and skinfold calipers. How conducted: For the weight test the person needs to step on the scales in just shorts so the weight is more accurate and whatever it comes up on the dial in either KGs or stone is the persons weight. Skinfold measurement you stretch out skin around the torso area and the skinfold calipers work like a pincer and you pinch the skin and on the dial of the calipers it comes up with how many mms there is in the skinfold. Method of assessment: To find out the somatotype someone has. How analysed: Body weighing: kg or stone, skinfold measurement: mm average for a male is 91mm and for a woman its 100mm. Target group: Suitable for all. Reliability of test: Body weighing is reliable because scales are accurate and if you weigh routinely every 12 hours, but the weight results can be affected by the amount of fluid in the body. The skinfold test is reliable because the skinfold calipers have accurate measurement but the measurements can vary through skill and experience. Validity of test: The body weighing test is valid because your weight is the first signs of what body composition you are. The skin fold measurement is not really valid to measure the percentage of body fat but it does indicate the body changes. Advantages/Disadvantages Cost Advantages: Weighing regular is cheap because it dont cost. Measuring skin folds regular doesnt cost. Disadvantages: The scales and the skin fold calipers together are quite expensive. Time Advantages: The test is short so it doesnt waste any time. Disadvantages: Being short considered as boring. Equipment Advantages: Both pieces of equipment have really accurate measurements. Disadvantages: Scales can become faulty after a while. Level of skill required by the person conducting test Advantages: Low level skill and no physical activity so its an easy test. Disadvantages: Because no physical activity and low level skill people a number of people will not want to do the test.

An Analysis of Irvings Rip Van Winkle :: Rip Van Winkle Essays

An Analysis of Irving's Rip Van Winkle Rip Van Winkle had grabbed his gun and his dog, Wolf, and headed out to the woods. He rested under a tree where evening came on quickly. As Rip was getting ready to journey back home, he heard a voice calling his name. He went to see who was calling his name. He discovered an old man carrying a keg on his back. Rip and the old man walked to a ravine in the mountain. There they found a band of odd-looking people. Rip and the old man drank from the keg the man was carrying on his back. Rip feel into a deep sleep, which bring us up to his awaking. Rip Van Winkle woke up and it seemed to be the next morning. "The birds were hopping and twittering among the bushes, and the eagle was wheeling aloft, and breasting the pure mountain breeze." I think this symbolizes that the jeopardy that Rip was in the night before was over. The text said that the people in the ravine were rolling balls that echoed sounds of thunder through the ravine. That makes me picture a dark storm rolling in. This sets the scene with a little tension because Rip did not know what to make of the people in the ravine. He was a little frightened by them. So the birds singing and the sun rising the next morning seems to set the mood at ease again. Rip thinks about what went on the night before. He remembers the old man, the keg of liquor, the party, and the flagon. The flagon was the cup that Rip Van Winkle drank from the night before. Rip Van Winkle said, "Oh! That flagon! That wicked flagon!" I thought it was humors that he blamed the cup for getting him "tipsy" and causing him to sleep through the night. The first hint that is giving that Rip did a little more sleeping than he thought was the moment he reached for his gun. "He looked round for his gun, but in place of the clean, well-oiled fowling-piece he found an old firelock." It stated that the barrel was rusted and the stock was full of holes from worms eating away at it.

History of Legazpi Essay

DURING THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Early in the 13th century, Datu Balensusa and Dumagsil, two of the ten Bornean Datus led by Datu Puti, went from Panay to Laguna and the Bicol Region. Prehistoric dwellers mostly fishermen and farmers established a barangay on the mouth of Makabulo River called Sawangan (now Legazpi Port) , a small settlement by a mangrove swamp,Its inhabitants were headed by old chieftain, Gat Ibal,a descendant of Datu Dumagsil. The home grown name,Sawangan was another way to say Sabang indicating a† natural wharf created by the water from the sea†. Dwelling in tiny groups of huts which are made from rattan and nipa, small houses occupied this part of swampy and low land and its surrounding areas were known as Ibalon. DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD In 1573,under the Spanish expeditionary forces,Capitan Juan de Salcedo (Capitan Esteban de Manchaca) and 120 soldiers reached and explored barangay Sawangan. The natives gallantly fought the invaders but were no match for the conquistadores’ superior arms. Subsequently, the natives were converted to Catholism. In 1587,Franciscan friars of the Doctrina of Cagsawa began to convert the settlement to Christianity. Fr. Francisco de Sta. Ana,it’s first parish priest built the first chapel made of nipa and bamboo to house and established the first Franciscan mission in Sawangan, the â€Å"Mission de San Gregorio de Sawangan. In 1605, Sawaà ±gan was elevated to Visita Regular, having been previously under the spiritual ministry of Cagsaua since 1578. In 1616,Sawangan become an independent town separated from Cagsawa called Albaybay (meaning â€Å"by the bay†) finally shortened as Albay. It was declared the capital of the province of Partido de Ibalon (old name of the Province of Albay). The town was renamed Albay, then Legazpi, as Albay went on to refer to the province at present. Perennially rocked by minor eruptions of the Mayon Volcano for two centuries, compounded by sporadic attacks by Muslim pirates and the Dutch, the capital was partially destroyed by a major eruption on February 1, 1814. The catastrophe buried Cagsaua.The progress of the town was razed to the ground upon the eruption, Fr. Pedro Licup evacuated the community to Makalaya (today’s Barangay Taysan). Some of the people, however, remained in the old town and began anew as a barrio. In lieu of their former patron saint, St. Gregory the Great, which had also been transferred to Albay, they adopted St. Raphael, the Archangel and transformed the ermita into a church. They finally regained their old status but never changed the name of the place as Albay Viejo or Banwang Daan.Years later in 1856, Sawangan was restored and subsequently renamed Binanuahan (Banuang Gurang) which literally means â€Å"Old Town† or â€Å"ancient place or town wherein a town was founded† and/or â€Å"the former seat of a town†. It was made a Visita Tributaria of Taytay. The combined towns were later named Albay Nuevo (Bagumbayan – meaning â€Å"New Town†) with the residents of Binanuahan’s objections to the union. On July 17, 1856, Ramon Montero of the Govierno Superiora de las Islas Filipinas signed a decree which created the Visita of Pueblo Viejo, out of Binanuahan – uniting the barrios (settlement communities) of Lamba, Bigaa and Rawis. On September 22, 1856, through a subsequent Royal Decree, the name Legazpi was officially adopted to including the visitas of Lamba, Rawis and Bigaa, and declaring it an independent town. It was formally inaugurated on October 23, 1856. Historically, the city was named Legazpi, to perpetuate to the memory of Adelantado Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. This was the agreement made between the original inhabitants of the place and the Spaniards during the former’s quest for autonomy. It took them 21 years, in which they sought the help and support of the Spaniards, then living in the town. As a sign of gratitude, the people readily accepted the name, which was also then proposed by the Spaniards upon fulfillment of their efforts. Now autonomous, and with a fast paced progress and prosperity,the port of Legazpi served as anchorage of ships sailing for Nuevo Espaà ±a (through Mexico) in the later part of the 16th century until it was elevated a Royal Decree by issued earlier on May 18, 1872 in Madrid and was later promulgated by Governor Juan Alamenos y de Vivar on December 3, 1874 as a port of entry open to world trade . Legazpi first became a city under the Becerra Law of 1892 promulgated by the Spanish Minister of Ultramar in 1894, which constituted the municipalities of Legazpi, Albay Nuevo and Daraga, into the Ayutamiento de Albay with the resentment of the Daragueà ±os. At the height of the Filipino-Spanish Revolution, the Civil Governor of Albay, Angel Bascaran y Federic and the Spanish residents fled Albay. Subsequently, a revolutionary Junta was organized by Don Anacleto Solano, who later turned over command to General Vicente Lucban, General-in-Chief of Operations of the Philippine Revolutionary Governments in the Southern Region. DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD By January 23, 1900 the American forces outgunned Legazpi defenders, defeating the Sandatahanes led by Vito Belarmino and Jose Ignacio Paua at the Battle of San Rafael Bridge known as the â€Å"Battle of Legazpi†. With the American occupation in 1900, the city was dissolved upon reestablished Legazpi, Albay and Daraga as independent towns under a military government. In 1908, the Philippine Assembly, again, merged the three towns creating the Municipio de Albay which became the capital of the province. Giving way to bitter opposition from Daragueà ±os, realizing the merger was doing more harm than good to their interests, the Philippine Assembly finally separated Daraga from the capital town in 1922. DURING THE JAPANESE PERIOD Simultaneous with the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, the Japanese Imperial Army’s Kimura Detachment entered Legazpi on December 12, 1941. Yet again, countless accounts of the locals’ ultimate sacrifices, gallantry and heroism against the odds in the ensuing Guerilla warfare abound during that period. Under Japanese military administration for almost 4 years, the capital was finally liberated by American forces on April 1, 1945. DURING THE REPUBLIC Legazpi became a city for the second time on July 18, 1948 when Daraga and Legazpi were combined again to constitute its territory, under Republic Act No. 306. Re-Incorporating Daraga, Republic Act No. 306 elevated the town to today’s Legazpi City. However, bitter opposition from the Daragueà ±os ultimately prevailed with the passing of Republic Act No. 993 which repealed R.A. 306 creating the separate Municipalities of Legazpi and Daraga.With the re-creation of the two municipalities, the city was dissolved in June 8, 1954. Finally on June 12, 1959,Republic Act 2232 authored by Senator.Pedro Subido and Congressman.Jusfino Nuyda was signed by Pres.Carlos P.Garcia. This was later amended by Republic Act 5525. By virtue of this act, Legazpi became a city for the third time. .Legazpi was declared Albay Province’s seat of government as its capital city under Republic Act 2254. On February 27, 1973, With the onset of the Integrated Reorganization Plan of Pres. Ferdinand Marcos, the City of Legazpi was declared under Presidential Decree No. 125, to comprise its present territorial jurisdiction and the adjacent Municipality of Daraga. however, the decree was permanently mothballed. This plan also made the city as the regional administrative center of the Bicol Region (Presidential Decree No. 1). At present,the Gateway City of Bicol,Legazpi,is a bustling and very progressive city that is home of more than 180,000 citizens.

Applications For Real World Problems - 1534 Words

Someone who applies his or her knowledge of the pure sciences to make practical applications for real world problems is by definition an engineer. Engineers are the people who create solutions to issues that the world faces on a daily basis, from miniscule problems such as creating a more ergonomic workplace to large scale issues such as global warming. Without engineers the world would not be as advanced as it is today, we would all still be clueless about electricity, we wouldn’t have the advanced knowledge on space and we might still not have had proper methods of transportation. It was these needs that provoked an unthinkable amount of innovation to what has lead us to this day and age. A major key in the creation of the real world as we know it today is the knowledge and use of coal, which started during the Industrial Revolution from 1760 to 1840 and its continued success in this day and age that allowed us to advance at a pace so rapid that it could not have been imagined even 50 years ago despite the lack of accreditation that coal actually receives for its enormous amounts of energy output. Within this paper, the role that coal played in creating today’s world shall be discussed. Primarily composed of carbon, coal is a black combustible sedimentary rock found in different levels of the earth’s surface. Coal formation occurs when wetlands are buried beneath soil. 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The Inner Machinations Of My Mind Are An Enigma - 979 Words

Battling the Psyche in Fifth Business The Inner Machinations of my mind are an enigma. (Spongebob Squarepants, 1999). Meaning that the mind is a complicated element of a person. A psychoanalysis lens looks at the conflicts, the characters and their dreams, like an insight into one s mind. It focuses also on their psyche and the complications within themselves. The novel Fifth Business by Robertson Davies portrays how the mind can take control as seen through individual characters such a Dunstable Ramsey who is engulfed by a lifetime of undeserved guilt. It is important to know that the characters Dunstable, Percy and Paul go through a transitional phase and results in their names changing. Through these phases, a developing†¦show more content†¦He displays immature characteristics from his younger age. Paul, unlike Dunstable and Percy, goes through three dramatic changes. His name is changed in his last transition to Magnus Eisengrim. This was the stage of Paul’s fina l and greatest transition. He finds himself and balances his id and superego. My real name is Magnus Eisengrim; that is who I am and that is how the world knows me. But before I found out who I was, I was called Paul Dempster, (Fifth Business, 249). Before his rebirths, Paul was insecure, quiet and sheltered. After his rebirth, Magnus is a powerful man, successful and outgoing. Next, Percy Boyd Staunton, lives his life in denial. Percy values materialistic things over relationships. Percy is self-obsessed and egotistic. Percy does not have a strong relationship with his family and he uses his closest friend for personal gain. Percy never took responsibility for his actions. Percy contrasts the main character Dunstan. This makes him a very hard character to like because he believes he is higher than others. Percy s id controls him with this especially. His materialistic values cause an imbalance within himself and he chooses his wants over his needs. Percy s transformation takes plac e when he changes his name to Boy (Boyd) and becomes a successful business man. He becomes more successful than his father. Percy s id takes control when his desire for sex becomes unsustainable and he has an affair. Boy says toShow MoreRelated The Tower Pig Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesby all the prisoners at the facility. â€Å"Pain, joy, worry, are shielded away until the cell doors slam and we’re alone in our solitude. For ten days in the hole, I had nothing to do but hate Strazinsky, the Tower Pig, for putting me there, and to mourn my grandmother, finally to sick to visit.† When we are first introduced to Caine, he has just come out of â€Å"The Hole.† The Hole is presumably a slang expression for a non-corporal punishment, which implies the use of isolation for the involved offenderRead More Importance of Thinking in Troilus and Criseyde and Hamlet Essay3509 Words   |  15 Pages9-10). We find our ubiquitous cliche soon afterwards inserted in a conv ersation on the prison-like nature of Denmark: â€Å"for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison†(2.2.255-257). With this epistemology in mind, it is not difficult to see how a cloud ) may be weasel-like, and â€Å"very like a whale†in the next instant. Such is our power to determine truth: we name it so, and so it is. Hamlet’s remark is that of one who has suddenly been bathed in the realityRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesp. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts

Implicit Concerns For The Legalization Of The Organ Sale

Implicit Concerns for the Legalization of the Organ Sale With the increasing need of organs for medical treatment, illegal organ black markets have become more rampant. Under such circumstances, the public debate over whether the government should legalize the sale of living human organs is fiercer. In Joanna MacKay’s essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives, she states that the government should legalize the sale of organs, since the legalization would benefit both the sellers and the buyers. Moreover, to show the potential benefits for the sellers, MacKay provides and analyzes gains from different aspects that sellers may make if the organ sale were legalized. However, what MacKay has shown is still not the whole picture. By simplifying the problems, MacKay overstates the monetary compensation for the organ sale and underestimates the possible role of exploitation, risks to organ sellers and other ethical questions. As a result, the sellers would not benefit as much as she states, and her argument about the bilateral reciprocal consequen ces for both organ sellers and buyers after legalization would be incomplete. To begin with, although MacKay discusses several factors like regulations and middleman which may influence the monetary compensation for sellers, she does not take into account the law of supply and demand. The ignorance of this economic factor may lead to her overestimation of compensation gains. MacKay mentions that because legalization could allow the government toShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesphilosophy of the text’s exercises and examples. Advanced Placement Statistics We have designed this book with a particular eye toward the syllabus of the Advanced Placement Statistics course and the needs of high school teachers and students. Concerns expressed and questions asked in teacher workshops and on the AP Statistics Electronic Discussion Group have strongly inï ¬â€šuenced our exposition of certain topics, especially in the area of experimental design and probability. We have taken great care

Situational Analysis of a Cleaning Industry-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the situational analysis of a cleaning industry in Canberra. Answer: Introduction This case analysis discusses cleaning businesses in Canberra. A cleaning company can consist of serving body corporate or end of lease cleaning and serviced apartment. This study will address marketing mix strategies and factors of the uncontrollable environment such as political force, economic force, socio-cultural force, legal force and technological force. The analysis will also cover the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are likely to be found in cleaning businesses (Boumans Davis, 2010). Opening a cleaning business in Canberra is a big opportunity because it is the capital city of Australia and therefore highly populated. It is clear that the new business is likely to face a lot of competition from already established cleaning industries like Marks cleaning industry, Houzz, Blue cleaning group and Home Giraffe. Michelle is likely to succeed in the business since she has already had an experience in the cleaning industry. Industry overview The cleaning industry is one of the leading industries in Canberra. It began with the aim of helping people who feel they have no time to carry out house chores. The industry covers a range of cleaning services to their clients. Services include overall house cleaning, cleaning appliances, vacuuming and mopping, disinfecting and other services. The target market for offering cleaning services is mostly a two income family and where one spouse works, but the other has no desire of cleaning. The cleaning industry has few players both in Canberra and even the entire world. Many people in Canberra and even the entire world have had needs for the professional cleaning services. However, the services have not been evenly distributed because these service providers have concentrated more on the rich thus forgetting the middle-class people. The industry is advancing, and currently, most cleaning companies are adopting the best available cleaning technologies to realize effectiveness and increase productivity. Factors of Uncontrollable Environment These are factors that happen within our business environment that one has no control over. These factors determine day to day activities of the firm. Due to these existing factors, one needs to check and regularly analyze the environment in which they are running their businesses (Cameron, 2014). Because of the changes, PESTLE (Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal and Environmental) analysis is carried out to know where the market currently stands. Political forces This involves the political situation of a country and how political situations affect running of businesses in the country. The leadership that is in the country impacts how the business is carried out because they are the ones that come up with rules and regulations to run businesses. When opening a business, there is need to consider the following factors; taxes law and tariff, government policies, entry mode regulations and stability of the nation (Booker, Bontis, Serenko, 2008). Canberra is in Australia and therefore, Michelle can start a cleaning business comfortably because the environment is politically stable and government policies favor the business. Besides, there are no stringent laws that exist in Australia which may contradict the operation of the business. Economic forces The prevailing financial state of the business has a significant influence on the success of the business. The economic conditions of a particular business context influence the profitability of the firm. Some of these economic factors include inflation rate, interest rate, credit accessibility, unemployment rates and monetary or fiscal policies. Analyzing the economy of a business can help Michelle come up with different strategies that are in line with changes that may occur in the firm. In Canberra, cleaning services have low demand when people are having holidays because they can do the work themselves, but sometimes they are high when it is around Christmas. Checking out unemployment rates can help one know how to access employees (Barry Elizabeth, 2017). Socio-cultural forces Every place has its way of thinking and carrying out activities. These differences bring out varied attitudes in people and therefore, affecting selling of products and services. Cultural implications of the distribution of wealth, education levels, gender, domestic structures and social lifestyles of the people Canberra can help Michelle predict the behavior of her potential customers. Canberra is made up of different communities of people who do not have social-cultural practices that are contrary to the cleaning business. Thus, having a cleaning business is an idea that will not face social-cultural challenges since it is easier for the people to understand and adopt the services (Wooliscroft, 2011). Technological forces Technology is changing and advancing every day. These advancements have a great impact on businesses. Carrying out an analysis of these factors will keep the business up to date with the advancements. Because of changes that come up every day, businesses should get connected all the time (John, Katherine Jocz, 2012). This involves knowing discoveries, rate of technological obsolescence and advances, and innovative technological platforms. This helps business leaders understand how consumers react to different kinds of trends in a cleaning business, create a website, face book pages, and twitter handles to market their services and also know how customers feel about the services offered (Milisavljevic, 2013). Therefore, Michelle needs to adopt the best technology in the cleaning industry to ensure that they can deliver the best. Legal forces A business leader should always be aware of the rules and regulations that cover their business. This involves product regulations, employment regulations, competitive laws, patent infringements and health and safety regulations. Legal factors change from time to time, and they affect business environments. The legal forces in Canberra are not too strict on the cleaning industries or businesses, but it has set time from them to carry out their work. For the security purposes of customers, property time is limited so the thieves should not take advantage. The business has to be fully registered for it to run (Hanssan, 2012). Environmental forces The geographical location of a business influences its success and profitability. The climate changes in the region affect day to day activities of the business. Waste disposal in the area creates a particular image to the customers in that they will intend to consider it clean or dirty. The market should work toward ensuring the environment give customers the correct attitude for the business. A cleaning business, in this case, should start by showing how clean and organized they are for customers to hire them (Foo, 2011). Competitor analysis For business leaders to understand their competitors well, they need to carry out competitor analysis to know where the strengths and weaknesses of their competitor's lye. Knowing strengths and weakness will help the business establish opportunities and threats that face their opponents, therefore, have an advantage. Identifying the current and possible future competitors will help one come up with a good marketing strategy knowing that there is a threat a head and another one coming. Some of the main competitors in the cleaning business in Canberra are Marks cleaning industry, Houzz, Blue cleaning group and Home Giraffe as they are already established and are known by customers. To successfully establish a cleaning business in Canberra, the entrepreneurs need to know the existing business players and also determine the potential of others arising. This is the main aim of carrying out competitor analysis (Barry Elizabeth 2017). The objective of carrying out this analysis is to have a good picture of the market and find out ways of getting your customers and offer services that are above those of competitors. Knowing about the competitor's objectives can help predict their reactions to different competitive moves. This also helps know the forthcoming trends in the business (Karniel Reich, 2011). This analysis will help in developing strategies that can enhance growth, diversification and extension plans for the business. Since it is also going to be a new business that customers do not know about, there is need to use direct promotion or advertising for customers to get acquainted. These way customers will be able to learn about the business (Mankiw Taylor, 2011). Customer/ Client analysis The customer is the cornerstone of any business. Without the customer, there is no business because they are the ones that buy the products. Before starting a business, one has to know the target customers, needs and desires of the customers and establish whether the products or services provided satisfy their needs. When carrying out this analysis, business leaders should understand the demographic profile of the customers such as their age, location and gender. For example, for cleaning services, men who are bachelors are the ones that are likely to use a lot of their services. It will not be convenient if it is located far away from them (Charles, 2012). Customer behaviors can be determined through this analysis. It is important to know what customer like to obtain from you and your competitors. Look out for the competitor that every customer likes and know what they offer (James, 2014). There are clients who value price than quality and vice versa. There are those who look for the reliability of the products or services. The location of the business determines reliability and Canberra is a good place as customers can easily access. Customer analysis can identify the group that is likely to be the best customers and in this case working families. Businesses can know how to acquire new types of customers like convincing women importance of calling one to clean for them. A business enterprise can know how to improve customer service, come up with effective campaign planning, and increase their market share and therefore increasing overall profitability. For example, Michelle can decide to set up day to offer free cleaning services to loyal customers. SWOT analysis There exist both internal and external factors that affect the business. This acronym stands for strength, weaknesses opportunities, and threats. Carrying out this analysis can help organizations develop a robust business strategy because companies consider business strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, as well as opportunities and threats available in the market place (Chermack Bernadette, 2007). Strengths and weaknesses alter the business internally while opportunities and threats affect the business externally. Internal factors can be the location of the business, reputation, and relationship between employees and employers because they can be changed. External factors are example competition and prices as they cannot change (Clarke, 2007). Strengths help an entrepreneur determine the positive things in the business. This can be tangible or intangible. Strengths are the capabilities of a business which can be maintaining good will with customers, services offered, finances, brand loyalty and human competencies. A cleaning company should work towards having a good relationship always with their clients. That is through carrying out their cleaning services to perfection (Blythe, 2009). Michelles business idea is likely to have a lot of strength such the chance to embrace the latest technology in the market among others. Weaknesses are the negative things a business may be facing. They are things that make the company be unable to accomplish their objectives or aim. They reduce the influences on the success and growth of the firm. These factors can be insufficient facilities, poor decision making and poor services offered due to lack of motivation. Michelles business idea is likely to have weaknesses such as a brand name which is not yet established among others (Khan, Munir, Willmott, 2007). Opportunities arise from the business surroundings. The business should take advantage of the surroundings to come up with strategies that can bring in more profit and give a competitive edge. A business can build opportunities using available strengths and use the opportunities to deal with weaknesses. Cleaning businesses should grasp any opportunities available for example if a competitor becomes reluctant, the company should take that advantage and even offer extra services they do not usually offer (Kerr, Janda, Pitts, 2009). For Michelle, the business is likely to have opportunities such as fewer competitors in the market and also the potential to grow further. Threats come up as a result of the external environment making the business unreliable and non-profitable. They are uncontrollable and can lead to the end of the firm. Companies should use their strengths to minimize their weaknesses and therefore avoid threats. Threats in the cleaning industry can be the changing technology and increased competition. To avoid this, businesses should be up to date with changing technology, like having new cleaning materials, and ensure competitors do not go ahead before them References Barry M. Elizabeth P. (2017). Regulatory Entrepreneurship. Southern California Law Review 90(1) Blythe, J. (2009). Key Concepts in Marketing. London: Sage Publications. ISBN978-1-84787-498-6. Booker L., Bontis N., Serenko A. (2008). "The Relevance of Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital Research." Knowledge and Process Management.15(4): 235-246 Boumans, M. Davis, B. (2010).Economic Methodology: Understanding Economics as a science, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 129-133 Cameron, B. (2014). Management. Strategic Leadership Review, pp. 22-27. Charles L. (2012). Essentials of Marketing (7ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Chermack, J. Bernadette K. (December 2007). 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